Psychology 200

Module 25

Encoding: Getting Information in

Encoding: Getting Information in

Encoding: Getting Information In

Automatic Processing

Effortful Processing

Rehearsal

Rehearsal

Memory Effects

  1. Next-in-line-Effect: When your recall is better for what other people say but poor for a person just before you in line.
  2. Spacing Effect: We retain information better when our rehearsal is distributed over time.
  3. Serial Position Effect: When your recall is better for first and last items, but poor for middle items on a list.

Spacing Effect

Serial Position Effect

What We Encode

  1. Encoding by meaning
  2. Encoding by images
  3. Encoding by organization

Encoding Meaning

Results

Visual Encoding

Mental pictures (imagery) are a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding.

Mnemonics

Imagery is at the heart of many memory aids. Mnemonic techniques that use vivid imagery in aiding memory.

Method of Loci

Link Method

Organizing Information for Encoding

Complex information broken down into broad concepts and further subdivided into categories and subcategories.

Chunking

Organizing items into familiar, manageable unit. Try to remember the number below.

Chunking

Hierarchy

Encoding Summarized in a Hierarchy