Instructional Objectives

PERICARDIUM AND HEART WALL

20.01  Draw a cross section of the heart wall and label the following structures:

        fibrous pericardium
        parietal layer of serous pericardium
        pericardial cavity                      
    `  pericardial fluid
        visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)
        endocardium 
        myocardium                                                                                                               
       
        Discuss pericarditis and endocarditis.

CHAMBERS OF THE HEART/GREAT VESSELS OF THE HEART/VALVES OF THE HEART

20.02  Draw a cross section of the heart, label the following structures and tell the function of each:

          right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle
interventricular septum
atrioventricular valves
    tricuspid valve
    bicuspid valve (mitral valve)
chordae tendineae
papillary muscles
inferior vena cava
superior vena cava                               
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary semilunar valve
right pulmonary artery
left pulmonary artery
left pulmonary vein                               
right pulmonary vein
aorta
aortic semilunar valve
arch of aorta
myocardium                                                                            
endocardium                                                                
visceral pericardium (epicardium)

CARDIAC CYCLE

20.03  Discuss the differences between the jobs of the right heart and the jobs of the left heart.

20.04  Discuss the cause and symptoms of left side failure and right side failure. 

            Causes of Heart Failure

20.05  Compare the job of the atria with that of the ventricles and describe the sequence of atrial and ventricular contraction.  Tell what is meant by systole and diastole. 

20.06  Describe the job of the heart valves.

20.07  Discuss valve problems such as incompetent (regurgitant) valves and stenosed valves.

20.08  Discuss heart sounds and describe their relationship to the heart valves.

CONDUCTION SYSTEM

20.09  Draw a longitudinal section of the heart and label the following parts of its conduction system:

          sinoatrial node
atrioventricular node
atrioventricular bundle (bundle of His)
left bundle branch
right bundle branch
Purkinje fibers

20.10  Indicate the inherent rate of discharge of the major parts of the heart's conduction system.

20.11  Explain how the conduction system of the heart determines heart rate and coordinates contraction of the atria and ventricles. 

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

20.12  Diagram an electrocardiogram relating the various waves to the electrical and muscular activity of the heart.

20.13  Explain what is meant by heart block and discuss its three types.

BLOOD SUPPLY

20.14  Draw an anterior view of the heart and label the following structures:

          right coronary artery
circumflex branch of the left coronary artery
anterior descending branch of left coronary artery
sulcus
adipose tissue

20.15  Describe the four stages of atherosclerosis.

20.16  Describe the role of cardiac enzymes in the diagnosis of a heart atteck (myocardial infarction)

PHYSIOLOGY OF CARDIAC OUTPUT

20.17  With the aid of a negative feedback diagram discuss how the aortic and carotid pressoreceptors (baroreceptors)regulate systemic (arterial) blood pressure.

20.18  With the aid of a negative feedback diagram, discuss how right atrial pressoreceptors (baroreceptors) regulate central venous pressure.

                 Beta Blocker
        Ace Inhibitor
        Diuretic
        Calcium Channel Blocker

DISORDERS/HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCES

20.20  With the aid of diagrams describe fetal circulation and the following congenital abnormalities of the heart: 

patent ductus arteriosus             patent foramen ovale (atrial septal defect)